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Fish meal, fish oil and fish feed

A large source of marine animals is used in aquaculture feeds, many species in nature used as feeds in hatcheries, commercial farms, others may be associated with commercial fish feeds. This is also the main use of this great resource. However, it must again be emphasized that homemade feeds on farms are also a major source, although not always guaranteed in quantity, are increasingly being used, particularly trash fish in marine fish, freshwater fish, two shells in shrimp.

This includes two main groups: fishmeal and fish oil (in the future it will play a very important role), some other resources such as crustaceans, bivalves, feet and seaweed.

Fish meal

Fish meal is based mainly on seasonal coastal resources, a major part of which is used as fertilizer, the rest is dried for a long time and crushed into fish meal (animal feed). Pigs and fish - those with a higher protein requirement than pastures such as cattle and sheep. About 90% of the world's fishmeal is made from oil fish such as maclerel, pilchard, capelin and manhattan, 10% less from whitefish, others from whales or shellfish. lime. The whole body of fish, after removing water and a little oil will be dried and ground into fish meal. White fish meal is made from non-oil fish such as pollock, cod, fish, flatfish, fish, etc., partly from the fish body and partially filtered. Fat in the end product usually accounts for 3-6%, with the addition of crabs, scallops and shrimp sometimes added. The protein quality of the liver and kidneys is usually lower than the quality of the whole body protein.

Lipids contained in fish meal (other than fish meal) are made from fish oil 5-10%. Raw material contains 10% of oil, weighing when wet. Normally, many of these oils are available when squeezed, squeezed during processing. Fish meal from fish oil can be of whole body (up to 8% oil), pressed cake (10% oil) or dissolved, which is sold in concentrated or dry form. The liquid is pressed containing 13% oil and 6.5% suspended solids, most of the oil is removed by centrifugation before the solids are concentrated to the concentrated or dissolved form. Most fishmeal is "whole", ie powder that has a bit of moisture and some oil has been removed.

Fish meal is the most valuable ingredient in fish feed and, furthermore, it is a key ingredient in the diet of fish and shrimp. It has good taste and quality, providing enough protein with essential fatty acids. In terms of economics, it is the only source of protein in fish feed. This is also the case with salmon. It is a good source of energy and its oils also contain the same ingredients as vitamins, minerals and other trace elements. However, it has a high phosphorus content and is easily polluted. High quality fish meal and fish oil are good active ingredients in fish feed. Fish meal itself is also used as a source of fish oil, which increases the resistance to disease (for animal feed) especially in the early stages of life. This may also be true for aquatic food.

High quality fishmeal has a wide application in aquaculture and is commercially viable if raw material quality and processing conditions are strictly controlled. As the growth momentum grows, intensive aquaculture uses aquatic feeds that contain specialized fish meal, called LT fish meal. They are produced by keeping the time between harvesting and processing as short as possible; Keep the fishing vessels clean, preserve raw materials in stone or through freezing and low temperatures during the cooking and drying process of the fish meal without increasing the drying time. LT fish meal has some advantages compared to many other fish meal; There are some advantages to shrimp but this has not been confirmed. Although LT fishmeal is much more expensive than conventional fishmeal, the feed has improved the conversion efficiency by adding this fishmeal, thus reducing the feed cost per unit of body weight. .

Fish meal is the best food for bone and crustaceans, with outstanding quality with high protein content.

Processing fish meal for animal feed

- Raw materials for fishmeal production are: trash fish, red snapper, alfalfa fish, termite fish, rabbit fish, herring, yellowtail, spotted fish, scad, fish tilapia...

- Preservation of materials:

Fresh fish preserved with ice + salt. Preserved with ice + salt 5% can keep fish fresh for 16 days. Mix of ice + salt 15% can keep fresh fish material for 30 days.

Do not preserve with salt mixture more than 15%, because the processing must be done to release salt, which causes the loss of protein, vitamin ... reduce the quality of fishmeal.

* Processing fish meal for animal feed - Equipment:

Equipment needed for fish meal production include:

- The 400-liter bin can be used to boil water in fish to ripen, yielding 50kg / batch.

- 3A3KW fish cutter. Run 3kw 220v power supply. Productivity 350kg / h

- 3A3KW juice extractor. 200 rpm. Powered by 220v 3kw motor. Productivity 50kg / batch.

- Machine 3A3KW capacity 50 kg / batch.

- 3A drying cabinet can be adjusted from 60 - 120oC, capacity 100kg / batch.

- 3A2.2KW multipurpose shredder with a capacity of 70 kg / h.

* Processing fish meal for animal feed

Process flow chart:

Material ---> Handling ---> Main Cooking ---> Centrifuge ---> Hammer ---> Drying ---> Crushing ---> Packaging ./.

Step 1: Process material:

If the fish is being preserved with ice + salt, it should be cleaned with salt water and thawed until salt content in the fish is <1%. Clean impurities. Then cut the fish into 3A3Kw chopping shredded fish with a thickness of cut 3 - 5cm.

Step 2: Cook the ingredients:

Use a 400 liter pot with a pulley to control the need to tear the fish to the cooking pot. Put the material into the rinse, 50kg / batch, use pulley to the pot boiling water. Rate of cooked water / raw material = 5/1. Cook for 2 - 3 minutes until the scent of the fish is cooked.

Step 3: Centrifugal squeeze dry material:

Use centrifuge 200 rpm. After having cooked the fish, put the fish in the centrifuge 200 rpm. Take 3-5 minutes until the juice is drained from the fish's tap. Fish mackerel is packed into canned animal feed.

Step 4: Make the material:

Pour raw fish from the shredder into the machine. Let the machine run for 8-10 minutes until the material is broken into pieces.

Step 5: Drying material:

Take out the net from the machine to the net, put in the oven 80 - 85 degrees C in 7 - 8 hours. Or dry the sun.

Step 6: Grind and package:

The dried material is passed to a 3A multi-purpose mill to crush into powder. Once the powder has been put into the plastic bag to seal it. Put the fishmeal bags in closed containers to prevent insects, rodents sabotage.

Quality of fish meal

The results showed that the production of fish meal based on the above technology has a norm of 4.5 / 1, meaning that for producing 100kg of fish material, 22kg of fish meal and 27kg of centrifuge are produced. The product is quite high, fishmeal, no lumps, not moldy, has a characteristic aroma of fish meal, the sweetness of protein, light yellow brown.